Five takeaways:
During the pandemic, Jeffery Rosen set out to read every book on a reading list that Thomas Jefferson provided a friend in 1771, five years before he started writing The Declaration of Independence. What he found changed the way he thought about the psychology of the Founders and, in particular, about how self-consciously they strived for self-improvement.
- The classical and Enlightenment thinkers that Jefferson read defined happiness as the pursuit of virtue—as being good, rather than feeling good. The Founders believed accordingly that happiness results from the daily practice of mental and spiritual self-discipline, mindfulness, and rigorous time management. Happiness is always pursued, but never to be obtained.
- The founders believed that “passion” was a synonym for “emotion,” and that happiness lay in mastering those passions in productive ways. In both enlightenment thought and the wisdom of philosophers like Plato, calm self-mastery and tranquility of mind was key to personal happiness.
- There is evidence that the founders were very intentional in their pursuit of “mastery of the passions” Benjamin Franklin, as a young man, created a list of 13 classical virtues and resolved to end each day by running through a checklist of whether he had lived up to each one.
- The Founders also believed that “that personal self-government was necessary for political self-government.” This is to say, that leaders in particular had a responsibility to be intentional in their pursuit of true happiness as it would help them overcome moral quandaries and the lure of corruption.
- While it is evident that the Founders frequently failed to meet their own standards of moral perfection, their commitment to attaining self-mastery, greater knowledge, and continued personal growth– as advocated by the enlightenment thinkers and ancient philosophers they read– is noteworthy.
One last tip: if you wish to stop complaining so much, let those you are around commonly about your intention– you’ll find that they’ll be more than happy to call you out when you go back to your complaining ways!
From Jeffery Rosen at The Atlantic:
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